نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دکتری تخصصی کلام اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و علوم اسلامی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The issue of rational good and bad is intrinsically linked to human ethics, free will, and moral responsibility, playing a decisive role in the value judgments of human actions. Fakhr al-Razi, in his analysis of this issue, adopted a deep, systematic, and argumentative approach. By denying the obligatory implication of reason regarding the goodness and badness of actions, he believed that moral obligation and responsibility are realized solely through divine command and prohibition. Consequently, human moral responsibility is a product of religious law. Nevertheless, Fakhr al-Razi accepts a form of rational perception of good and bad on a descriptive level; a perception that, in his view, lacks obligatory and cannot be the source of obligation or the basis for deserving praise and blame. Khwajah Tủsi argues that moral responsibility is conceivable even before the advent of religious law, as religious law is not the creator of moral values but rather the revealer and confirmator of rulings that reason has already grasped. In his view, if the goodness and badness of actions are not inherent and rational, and their determination is entirely delegated to religion, the foundation of all moral judgment and the true distinction between good and bad will collapse.This article, using an analytical-descriptive method, analyzes the foundations of Fakhr al-Razi’s viewpoint on rational good and bad and its role in explaining human moral responsibility, and in comparison with Khwajah Tủsi’s perspective, critically analyzes it.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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